Journal of Foot and Ankle Surgery
Volume 49, Issue 2 , Pages 143-146 , March 2010

A Randomized Controlled Trial to Compare Two Techniques for Partial Digital Local Anesthetic Blocks

  • Bruce Whiteley, DPodM

      Affiliations

    • Senior Podiatrist, NHS Hounslow Community Healthcare, West Middlesex University Hospital, Isleworth, Middlesex, United Kingdom
    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress correspondence to: Bruce Whiteley, NHS Hounslow Community Healthcare, West Middlesex University Hospital, Isleworth, Middlesex, TW7 5AF, United Kingdom.
    • ,
  • Sharon Rees, BSc, MSc, PhD, FRSM

      Affiliations

    • Clinical Fellow and Senior Lecturer Health and Biosciences (Pharmacology), University of East London, Isleworth, Middlesex, United Kingdom

References 

  1. Thomson CE, Morrow LJ, Martin DJ. A randomised double blind trial to compare pain on digital injection of warm and cold anesthetic. The Foot. 1998;8(2):89–92
  2. Metcalfe S. Does the administration of entonox gas during local anesthetic injection for elective foot surgery significantly reduce injection discomfort?. The Foot. 2001;11:85–88
  3. Browne J, Fung M, Donnelly M, Cooney C. The use of EMLA reduces the pain associated with digital ring block for in-growing toenail correction. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2000;17:182–184
  4. Hayward S, Landorf K, Redmond A. Ice reduces needle-stick pain associated with a digital nerve block of the hallux. Australas J Dermatol. 2007;48:60–61
  5. Malamed SF. Handbook of Local Anesthesia. ed 4. London: Mosby; 1997;
  6. Jensen MP, Chen C, Brugger AM. Interpretation of visual analog scale ratings and change scores: a reanalysis of two clinical trials of postoperative pain. J Pain. 2003;4:407–414
  7. Todd KH, Funk KG, Funk JP, Bonacci R. Clinical significance of reported changes in pain severity. Ann Emerg Med. 1996;27:485–489
  8. Gallagher EJ, Liebman M, Bijur PE. Prospective validation of clinically important changes in pain severity measured on a visual analog scale. Ann Emerg Med. 2001;38:633–638
  9. DeLoach LJ, Higgins MS, Caplan AB, Stiff JL. The visual analog scale in the immediate postoperative period: intrasubject variability and correlation with a numeric scale. Anesth Analg. 1998;86:102–106

 Financial Disclosure: None reported.

 Conflict of Interest: None reported.

PII: S1067-2516(09)00512-2

doi: 10.1053/j.jfas.2009.12.004

Journal of Foot and Ankle Surgery
Volume 49, Issue 2 , Pages 143-146 , March 2010

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