ABSTRACT
Acute compartment syndrome (ACS) in the foot is a challenging diagnosis and can lead
to significant disabilities to patients. The present study aims to investigate the
incidence, risk factors, demographics and association in the analysis of acute compartment
syndrome (ACS) of the foot. We performed a retrospective review of the Trauma Quality
Programs data from the American College of Surgeons including 70,525 patients who
sustained a fracture of the foot from 2015 to 2018 (4 calendar years). Fasciotomies
were performed in 0.7% of all foot fractures. Open fractures, crush injuries and multiple
foot fractures were the strongest predictors of fasciotomies, with odds ratios of
2.38, 2.38 and 2.33 respectively. Being a male was associated with an increased likelihood
of fasciotomies of 64% (p < .0001 O.R. = [1.42-1.90]), while a dislocation in the foot increased likelihood
of fasciotomies by 48% (p = .0008 O.R. = [1.18-1.86]). Trauma centre level III had higher rate of fasciotomy
than Tertiary Trauma centers. Multiple other factors were addressed while controlling
for cofounders. This big data analysis provided information not previously reported
on the risk factors, demographics, and clinical association of ACS in the foot.
Level of Clinical Evidence
Keywords
To read this article in full you will need to make a payment
Purchase one-time access:
Academic & Personal: 24 hour online accessCorporate R&D Professionals: 24 hour online accessOne-time access price info
- For academic or personal research use, select 'Academic and Personal'
- For corporate R&D use, select 'Corporate R&D Professionals'
Subscribe:
Subscribe to The Journal of Foot and Ankle SurgeryAlready a print subscriber? Claim online access
Already an online subscriber? Sign in
Register: Create an account
Institutional Access: Sign in to ScienceDirect
References
- Forearm compartment syndrome evaluation and management.Hand Clin. 2018; 34: 53
- Recognizing and managing upper extremity compartment syndrome.J Am Acad Physician Assistants. 2020; 33: 15
- Acute compartment syndrome: How long before muscle necrosis occurs?.Cjem. 2004; 6: 147
- Foot compartment syndrome: Diagnosis and management.JAAOS - J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2013; 21: 657
- Acute compartment syndrome.Orthop Clin North Am. 2016; 47: 517
- Diagnosis and treatment of compartment syndrome of the foot.Orthopedics. 1990; 13: 711
- Compartment syndrome of the foot–implications for military surgeons.BMJ Military Health. 2010; 156: 241
- Interobserver variability in the measurement of lower leg compartment pressures.J Orthop Trauma. 2015; 29: 316
- A guide to diagnosis and management.Compartment Syndr. 2019; 169
- Tibial shaft fractures-to monitor or not? A multi-centre 2 year comparative study assessing the diagnosis of compartment syndrome in patients with tibial diaphyseal fractures.Injury. 2021;
- Diagnosis and management of acute compartment syndrome.J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2020; 29: 183
- Diagnosis and treatment of acute extremity compartment syndrome.The Lancet. 2015; 386: 1299
- The diagnosis of acute compartment syndrome: a review.Eur J Trauma Emerg S. 2014; 40: 521
- Incidence and predictors for the need for fasciotomy after extremity trauma: A 10-year review in a mature level I trauma centre.Injury. 2011; 42: 1157
- Acute compartment syndrome: who is at risk?.J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2000; 82: 200
- The incidence and risk factors associated with the need for fasciotomy in Tibia and forearm fractures: An analysis of the national trauma data bank.J Orthop Trauma. 2020; 34: e154
- The correlation between the OTA/AO classification system and compartment syndrome in both bone forearm fractures.J Orthop Trauma. 2017; 31: 606
- Injury patterns causing isolated foot compartment syndrome.JBJS. 2012; 94: 1030
- Acute compartment syndrome of the forearm.JBJS. 2012; 94: e63
- A prospective study of surgical outcomes and quality of life in severe foot trauma and associated compartment syndrome after fasciotomy.J Foot Ankle Surg. 2015; 54: 417
- Foot compartment syndrome: a systematic review of the literature.Acta Orthop Belg. 2009; 75: 573
- Compartment syndromes of the foot after calcaneal fractures.Clin Orthop. 1993; 142: 142-150
- Tibial shaft fractures - to monitor or not? a multi-centre 2 year comparative study assessing the diagnosis of compartment syndrome in patients with tibial diaphyseal fractures.Injury. 2021;
- Metrc. predicting acute compartment syndrome (PACS).J Orthop Trauma. 2017; 31: S40
Article info
Publication history
Published online: March 24, 2022
Footnotes
Financial Disclosure: None reported.
Conflict of Interest: None.
Identification
Copyright
© 2022 by the American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons. All rights reserved.
