ABSTRACT
Hallux valgus is a complex condition understood to involve pathomechanics in all 3
of the cardinal planes. Despite this, the bulk of its historical evaluation has been
in the transverse plane, and one might argue that the traditional and more commonly
performed univariate and bivariate analyses within the literature do not comprehensively
describe the potential interrelationships between the planes during perioperative
assessment. Therefore this investigation aimed to evaluate relationships between common
radiographic parameters measured in the three cardinal planes by means of a multivariate
regression analysis. Serial analyses utilizing the first intermetatarsal angle, hallux
valgus angle, tibial sesamoid position, proximal articular set angle, Engel's angle,
first metatarsal inclination angle, and the sesamoid rotation angle were performed
with varying dependent and independent variables. The tibial sesamoid position (p < .001) and proximal articular set angle (p = .014) were found to be independently associated with the first intermetatarsal
angle, while the hallux valgus angle (p = .712), Engel's angle (p = .646), first metatarsal inclination angle (p = .097), and sesamoid rotation angle (p = .099) were not. The tibial sesamoid position (p = .003), proximal articular set angle (p < .001), Engel's angle (p = .006), and sesamoid rotation angle (p = .003) were found to be independently associated with the hallux valgus angle, while
the first intermetatarsal angle (p = .712) and first metatarsal inclination angle (p = .400) were not. The first intermetatarsal angle (p < .001), hallux valgus angle (p = .003), and proximal articular set angle (p = .015) were found to be independently associated with the tibial sesamoid position,
while Engel's angle (p = .400), the first metatarsal inclination angle (p = .088), and the sesamoid rotation angle (p = .649) were not. These findings appear to question a direct relationship between
the first intermetatarsal angle and hallux valgus angle, as well as potentially infer
a relationship between the frontal plane with the hallux valgus angle.
Level of Clinical Evidence
Keywords
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: November 14, 2022
Publication stage
In Press Corrected ProofFootnotes
Financial Disclosure: None.
IRB approval: Temple Hospital Protocol #28596 - Exempt.
Conflict of Interest: Meyr serves on the ACFAS Board of Directors and as a JFAS section editor.
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